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Jñāna (Sanskrit; Pali: ''ñāṇa'') a term for "knowledge" in Indian philosophy and religion. The idea of jnana centers on a cognitive event which is recognized when experienced. It is knowledge inseparable from the total experience of reality, especially a total or divine reality (Brahman). The root jñā- is cognate to English ''know'', as well as to the Greek γνώ- (as in γνῶσις ''gnosis''). Its antonym is ''ajñāna'' "ignorance". ==In Buddhism== In Tibetan Buddhism, it refers to pure awareness that is free of conceptual encumbrances, and is contrasted with vijnana, which is a moment of 'divided knowing'. Entrance to, and progression through the ten stages of Jnana/Bhimis, will lead one to complete enlightenment and nirvana.〔Gampopa's "Jewel Ornament of Liberation", especially the ten bhumis, where the absorption state or non-dual state, which characterizes all ten bhumis, in this well-respected traditional text, is equated to the state of jnana〕 In the Vipassanā tradition of Buddhism there are the following ñanas according to Mahasi Sayadaw.〔The Progress of Insight: (Visuddhiñana-katha), by The Venerable Mahasi Sayadaw, translated from the Pali with Notes by Nyanaponika Thera (1994; 33pp./99KB)〕 As a person meditates these ñanas or "knowledges" will be experienced in order. The experience of each may be brief or may last for years and the subjective intensity of each is variable. Each ñana could also be considered a jhāna although many are not stable and the mind has no way to remain embedded in the experience. Experiencing all the ñanas will lead to the first of the Four stages of enlightenment then the cycle will start over at a subtler level.〔 # Analytical Knowledge of Body and Mind (nama-rupa-pariccheda-ñana) (corresponds to 1st jhana) # Knowledge by Discerning Conditionality (paccaya-pariggaha-ñana) # Knowledge by Comprehension (sammasana-ñana) # Knowledge of Arising and Passing Away (udayabbaya-ñana) (corresponds to 2nd jhana) # Knowledge of Dissolution (bhanga-ñana) (corresponds to 3rd jhana) # Awareness of Fearfulness (bhayatupatthana-ñana) # Knowledge of Misery (adinava-ñana) # Knowledge of Disgust (nibbida-ñana) # Knowledge of Desire for Deliverance (muncitu-kamyata-ñana) # Knowledge of Re-observation (patisankhanupassana-ñana) # Knowledge of Equanimity about Formations (sankhar'upekkha-ñana) (corresponds to 4th jhana) # Insight Leading to emergence (vutthanagamini-vipassana-ñana) # Knowledge of Adaptation (anuloma-ñana) (one-time event) # Maturity Knowledge (gotrabhu-ñana) (one-time event) # Path Knowledge (magga-ñana) (one-time event) # Fruition Knowledge (phala-ñana) (corresponds to Nibbāna) # Knowledge of Reviewing (paccavekkhana-ñana) 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Jnana」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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